Blood tests can offer essential insights into your health – from routine screenings to understanding a recent diagnosis. But for many patients, interpreting those results can feel overwhelming. This guide breaks down what common blood tests mean, why results vary, and how to talk to your GP about any queries or concerns. If you’ve recently had blood tests in Reading, or are planning to book a blood test soon, this guide provides everything you need to know about your results.
Why Interpreting Blood Tests Can Be Confusing
Medical jargon, unfamiliar abbreviations and technical terms can make blood test results difficult to understand. Most patients receive a printout or online summary showing reference ranges – but knowing what’s “normal” isn’t always straightforward.
Results may be grouped into panels such as Full Blood Count (FBC), Liver Function Tests (LFTs) or Lipid Profiles. Each panel covers a set of markers related to specific organs or systems. A single result falling outside the expected range isn’t always cause for concern. In many cases, results normalise without intervention.
Key Blood Tests and What They Check For
Full Blood Count (FBC)
The Full Blood Count measures your red and white blood cells, haemoglobin levels and platelets. It can detect infections, anaemia, inflammation and blood disorders.
Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
Liver Function Tests look at markers such as ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin. They can help identify liver inflammation, bile flow issues or liver damage due to alcohol, medication or disease.
Kidney Function Tests (U&E, eGFR)
Kidney Function Tests assess urea, creatinine and electrolyte levels. eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) estimates kidney efficiency. These results are key for monitoring hydration, kidney disease and medication effects.
Thyroid Function
Thyroid Function Tests usually measure TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and T4 (thyroxine). Abnormal levels may point to underactive (hypothyroid) or overactive (hyperthyroid) conditions.
Lipid Profile (Cholesterol Panel)
Lipid Profile checks levels of HDL (good cholesterol), LDL (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides. It gives a snapshot of cardiovascular risk and helps guide lifestyle or medication changes.
HbA1c and Glucose
HbA1c and Glucose measure your average blood sugar over time (HbA1c) and your current glucose level. They’re essential for diagnosing and managing diabetes.
Iron Studies and Ferritin
Iron Studies and Ferritin help assess iron levels in your blood and body stores. They’re used to investigate symptoms like tiredness, and can identify both iron deficiency and overload.
What’s a “Normal” Range – and Why It Varies
Lab-to-Lab Differences and Reference Ranges
“Normal” ranges can differ between labs due to equipment, population samples or testing methods. Your report should include the specific range used for your sample.
Factors That Can Skew Results (e.g. time of day, hydration, medication)
Test results may vary depending on when the sample was taken, what you ate, your hydration level or recent activity. Certain medications and supplements can also affect accuracy.
Why One “Out of Range” Result May Not Be Serious
A slightly raised or lowered value doesn’t always indicate an illness. Your GP will look at trends, your specific symptoms and clinical history before deciding if further action is needed.
When to Speak to Your GP About Your Results
Persistent Abnormal Values or Multiple Red Flags
If several markers are outside the expected range, or if previous abnormalities are getting worse, it’s worth a detailed discussion with your GP.
New Symptoms That Align With Lab Results
Fatigue, weight changes, skin issues or other symptoms can give context to blood test results. Always mention any changes in your health, even if they seem unrelated.
When Further Testing or Referral May Be Needed
Some results may prompt more specialised tests or a referral to a consultant, especially if there’s concern about organ function, immune response or cancer markers.
How to Track and Understand Your Results Over Time
Using Patient Portals and Health Apps in the UK
Many UK GPs offer online access to your records through patient portals. Apps like the NHS App can also help track trends in blood test results over time.
Keeping a Personal Health Record for Chronic Conditions
For conditions like diabetes, thyroid issues or kidney disease, keeping your own log of key values can support long-term management and help spot changes early.
Why Context Matters More Than a Single Snapshot
One test offers a limited view. Trends across multiple results, combined with your symptoms and history, provide the most accurate picture of your health.
Tips for Getting Accurate Blood Test Results
Fasting When Required
Some tests, such as glucose or cholesterol, require fasting before the test is carried out. Follow the instructions given by your clinic or GP to ensure accurate readings.
Managing Stress, Exercise and Medications Before Testing
Avoid intense exercise, alcohol or high-stress activities before your blood is taken. You should also let the nurse know about any regular medications or recent illnesses.
Letting Your GP Know About Supplements or Lifestyle Factors
Vitamins, herbal supplements and even diet can affect test outcomes. Being transparent helps your GP interpret results more accurately.
Know What to Ask, and When to Act
It’s easy to feel overwhelmed by blood test results and numbers, but there is no need to self-diagnose. Staying informed, asking your GP the right questions and understanding the role of blood tests in a broader context makes all the difference. Good communication with your doctor leads to better care, especially if you’re monitoring a chronic condition or investigating new symptoms.
If you’re looking to book a blood test or better understand your recent results, The Forbury Clinic offers consultant-led services for blood tests in Reading, with fast results and clear, personalised explanations.
